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Greek Mythology and Religion
—Learning Western Culture Bit by Bit
Greek mythology is based on a religion which took shape during the Homeric Age and was developed from animism （万物有灵论，泛灵论）and fetishism（拜物教，恋物癖） into polytheism（多神教）. A number of major gods like Zeus and Athena date back to Mycenaean age. The religious tales became fully developed myths in the Homeric epic and thus contributed greatly to the later development of all Greek art. According to Karl Marx, the Greek mythology is not only a treasure house but also the soil for Greek art.
希腊神话以荷马时代形成的宗教为基础，从万物有灵论和拜物教发展为多神教。许多主要的神，如宙斯和雅典娜，可以追溯到迈锡尼时代。宗教故事在荷马史诗中得到了充分的发展，为后来所有希腊艺术的发展做出了巨大贡献。马克思认为，希腊神话不仅是希腊艺术的宝库，也是希腊艺术的土壤。
The most prominent feature of Greek myth is that both man and god assume the same form. In other words, a god is the typified and heightened image of man, and is the most handsome, most intelligent and most powerful superman.
希腊神话最突出的特点是人和上帝具有相同的形式。换句话说，上帝是人类的典型化和高度化的形象，是最英俊、最聪明和最强大的超人。
In Greek myth, all the gods live on Mount Olympus. The chief god is called Zeus who keeps order with thunderbolts, both in heaven and on earth. His wife, Hera, is the goddess responsible for marriage and family. His brother, Poseidon, is the god looking after the seas.Another brother Hades reigns the under world, the kingdom of death.His daughter, Athena, is a deity of wisdom, regarded as the guardian angel for the Temple of Athena, itself symbolic of civilization and art. Apollo is Zeus' son, born of Leto, who is the god of the sun, in charge of truth, light and medicine— attributes demonstrating intelligence. Apollo's twin sister Artemis is the goddess of the moon and hunting. Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty, is said to be Zeus’ daughter born of Dione.Hephaestus - the husband of Aphrodite- is the god of metal-working technology who made the thunderbolt for Zeus. Hermes is the son of Zeus, and works as Zeus' messenger and servant, as well as being the deity looking after merchants, tourists and thieves. Ares, son of Zeus and Hera, is a warring god. Hestia, Zeus' virgin sister, is the goddess for kitchen and home, but her status is replaced by Dionysus who is the god of wine and drama.
在希腊神话中，所有的神都住在奥林匹斯山上。主神被称为宙斯，他在天上和地上用雷电维持秩序。他的妻子赫拉是负责婚姻和家庭的女神。他的兄弟波塞冬是掌管大海的神。另一个兄弟哈迪斯统治着阴间，死亡王国。他的女儿雅典娜是一位智慧之神，被视为雅典娜神庙的守护天使，雅典娜神庙本身就是文明和艺术的象征。阿波罗是宙斯的儿子，为太阳神莱托所生，掌管真理、光和医学，这些都是智慧的象征。阿波罗的孪生妹妹阿耳忒弥斯是月亮和狩猎女神。爱与美的女神阿芙罗狄蒂据说是宙斯的女儿，为狄奥尼所生。赫菲斯托斯——阿芙罗狄蒂的丈夫——是金属加工技术之神，他为宙斯制造了霹雳。赫耳墨斯是宙斯之子，是宙斯的使者和仆人，负责看管商人、游客和小偷的神。阿瑞斯，宙斯和赫拉的儿子，是战神。宙斯的处女妹妹赫斯蒂娅是厨房和家的女神，但她的地位被酒神和戏剧之神狄俄尼索斯所取代。
There are also many minor gods in Greek myth, such as Demeter,the goddess of grain and agriculture; Eros, the god of love; Pan, god of flocks and herds, and of the entertainment in the country. The nine Muses, the divinities presiding over the arts and inspiring humankind in such fields as music, love, poetry, epic poetry, comedy, tragedy,dance, songs, astronomy and history.
希腊神话中也有许多次要的神，如谷物和农业女神得墨忒尔；爱神厄洛斯；潘，牧群之神，乡村娱乐之神。在音乐、爱情、诗歌、史诗、喜剧、悲剧、舞蹈、歌曲、天文和历史等领域主持艺术并激励人类的九位缪斯神。
Two of the best-known Greek myths centre on the Trojan Horse and on Jason. The first of these concerns the origin of the Trojan War. Provoked by Paris’ abduction of Helen, wife of Menelaus of Sparta, Agamemnon attacked Troy with an army, including Achilles,Patroclus, Odysseus, Nestor and two warriors called Ajax.The Trojan resistance under Hector was successful until they were tricked by the apparent withdrawal from Troy of the Greek army,leaving outside the city a huge wooden horse secretly carrying a large number of Greek soldiers. The Trojans seized the wooden horse and brought it into the city. That night the Greek army emerged from the horse and sacked the city.
两个最著名的希腊神话集中在特洛伊木马和杰森身上。第一个问题涉及特洛伊战争的起源。在帕里斯绑架斯巴达人墨涅劳斯的妻子海伦的挑衅下，阿伽门农率领一支军队进攻特洛伊，其中包括阿喀琉斯、帕特洛克勒斯、奥德修斯、内斯特和两名名叫阿贾克斯的战士。特洛伊人在赫克托领导下的抵抗是成功的，直到他们被希腊军队从特洛伊的假撤军所欺骗。希腊军队在城外留下一匹巨大的木马，里面暗藏着大量希腊士兵。特洛伊人抓住木马并将其带入城市。当晚，希腊军队从木马中出来，洗劫了这座城市。
The second myth is that of Jason and Golden Fleece. Jason was the son of Aeson, whose throne was usurped by Jason’ uncle. Jason was sent to hunt for the Golden Fleece.With the help of Media，he finally recovered it and took back the throne.
第二个神话是杰森和金羊毛。杰森是伊森的儿子，伊森的王位被杰森的叔叔篡夺。杰森被派去寻找金羊毛。在美狄亚的帮助下，他终于找回了金羊毛，夺回了王位。
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回答时间：2022-11-26 17:59:50