本文目录
- 大堡礁（Great Barrier Reef Queensland, Australia）英文介绍
- greatbarrierreef怎么读
- 澳大利亚的大堡礁——Great Barrier Reef
- greatbarrierreef是什么意思
- 大堡礁用英语怎么说
- the great barrier reef什么意思
- Great Barrier Reef 的资料有哪些
大堡礁（Great Barrier Reef Queensland, Australia）英文介绍
转自维基百科http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Barrier_Reef维基有中文版的如果LZ需要自己搜索下 中文版维基在大陆属于非法的 我就不帮贴出来了The Great Barrier Reef is the world’s largest coral reef system, The reef is located in the Coral Sea, off the coast of Queensland in northeast Australia.The Great Barrier Reef can be seen from outer space and is the world’s biggest single structure made by living organisms.A large part of the reef is protected by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, which helps to limit the impact of human use, such as overfishing and tourism. Other environmental pressures to the reef and its ecosystem include water quality from runoff, climate change accompanied by mass coral bleaching, and cyclic outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns starfish.PhysiographyThe Great Barrier Reef is a distinct physiographic province of the larger East Australian Cordillera division.Geology and geography Satellite image of part of the Great Barrier Reef adjacent to the Queensland coastal areas of Proserpine and Mackay.Australia moved northwards at a rate of 7 cm per year, starting during the Cainozoic.The Reef Research Centre, a Cooperative Research Centre, has found coral ’skeleton’ deposits that date back half a million years.According to the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, the current, living reef structure is believed to have begun growing on the older platform about 20,000 years ago. The Australian Institute of Marine Science agrees, which places the beginning of the growth of the current reef at the time of the Last Glacial Maximum. At around that time, the sea level was 120 metres (394 ft) lower than it is today.Heron Island, a coral cay in the southern Great Barrier Reef.From 20,000 years ago until 6,000 years ago, the sea level rose steadily. As it rose, the corals could then grow higher on the hills of the coastal plain. By around 13,000 years ago the sea level was 60 metres (197 ft) lower than the present day, and corals began to grow around the hills of the coastal plain, which were, by then, continental islands. As the sea level rose further still, most of the continental islands were submerged. The corals could then overgrow the hills, to form the present cays and reefs. Sea level on the Great Barrier Reef has not risen significantly in the last 6,000 years.The remains of an ancient barrier reef similar to the Great Barrier Reef can be found in The Kimberley, a northern region of Western Australia.The Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area has been divided into 70 bioregions,Fringing reefs are distributed widely, but are most common towards the southern part of the Great Barrier Reef, attached to high islands, for example, the Whitsunday Islands. Lagoonal reefs are also found in the southern Great Barrier Reef, but there are some of these found further north, off the coast of Princess Charlotte Bay. Cresentic reefs are the most common shape of reef in the middle of the Great Barrier Reef system, for example the reefs surrounding Lizard Island. Cresentic reefs are also found in the far north of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, and in the Swain Reefs (20-22 degrees South). Planar reefs are found in the northern and southern parts of the Great Barrier Reef, near Cape York, Princess Charlotte Bay, and Cairns. Most of the islands on the reef are found on planar reefs.Ecology Green sea turtle on the Great Barrier ReefThe Great Barrier Reef supports a diversity of life, including many vulnerable or endangered species, some of which may be endemic to the reef system.Thirty species of whales, dolphins, and porpoises have been recorded in the Great Barrier Reef, including the dwarf minke whale, Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin, and the humpback whale. Large populations of dugongs live there.Six species of sea turtles come to the reef to breed – the green sea turtle, leatherback sea turtle, hawksbill turtle, loggerhead sea turtle, flatback turtle, and the olive ridley. The green sea turtles on the Great Barrier Reef have two genetically distinct populations, one in the northern part of the reef and the other in the southern part.Salt water crocodiles live in mangrove and saltmarshes on the coast near the reef.215 species of birds (including 22 species of seabirds and 32 species of shorebirds) are attracted to the reef or nest or roost on the islands,Seventeen species of sea snake live on the Great Barrier Reef. They take three or four years to reach sexual maturity and are long-lived but with low fertility. They are usually benthic, but the species that live on the soft sediment differ from those that live on the reefs themselves. They live in warm waters up to 50 metres (164 ft) deep and are more common in the southern than in the northern part of the reef. None of the sea snakes found in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area are endemic to the reef, nor are any of them endangered.More than 1,500 species of fish live on the reef, including the clownfish, red bass, red-throat emperor, and several species of snapper and coral trout.There are at least 330 species of ascidians found on the reef system, ranging in size from 1 mm-10 cm in diameter. Between 300-500 species of bryozoans are found on the reef system.Four hundred species of corals, both hard corals and soft corals are found on the reef.Environmental threatsMain article: Environmental threats to the Great Barrier Reef Bioerosion (coral damage) such as this may be caused by coral bleaching.Sea Temperature and Bleaching of the Great Barrier ReefAnother key threat faced by the Great Barrier Reef is pollution and declining water quality. The rivers of north eastern Australia provide significant pollution of the Reef during tropical flood events with over 90% of this pollution being sourced from farms.Crown-of-thorns starfishThe crown-of-thorns starfish is a coral reef predator which preys on coral polyps. Large outbreaks of these starfish can devastate reefs. In 2000, an outbreak contributed to a loss of 66% of live coral cover on sampled reefs in a study by the CRC Reefs Research Centre.The unsustainable overfishing of keystone species, such as the Giant Triton, can cause disruption to food chains vital to life on the reef. Fishing also impacts the reef through increased pollution from boats, by-catch of unwanted species (such as dolphins and turtles) and reef habitat destruction from trawling, anchors and nets.Other threats to the Great Barrier Reef include shipping accidents, oil spills, and tropical cyclones.Human useThe Great Barrier Reef has long been known to and utilised by the Aboriginal Australian and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Aboriginal Australians have been living in the area from at least 40,000 years ago,The reef first became known to Europeans when the HM Bark Endeavour, captained by explorer James Cook, ran aground there on June 11, 1770, sustaining considerable damage. It was finally saved after lightening the ship as much as possible and re-floating it during an incoming tide.Starfish on coral - typically, tourists photograph the natural beauty of the reef.ManagementMain article: Great Barrier Reef Marine ParkAfter the Royal Commissions’ findings, in 1975 the Government of Australia created the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and defined what activities were prohibited on the Great Barrier Reef. The park is managed, in partnership with the Government of Queensland, through the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority to ensure that it is widely understood and used in a sustainable manner. A combination of zoning, management plans, permits, education and incentives (such as eco-tourism certification) are used in the effort to conserve the Great Barrier Reef.In July 2004, a new zoning plan was brought into effect for the entire Marine Park, and has been widely acclaimed as a new global benchmark for the conservation of marine ecosystems.In 2006, a review was undertaken of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Act 1975. Some recommendations of the review are that there should be no further zoning plan changes until 2013, and that every five years, a peer-reviewed Outlook Report should be published, examining the health of the Great Barrier Reef, the management of the reef, and environmental pressures.A scuba diver looking at a giant clam on the Great Barrier ReefTourismDue to its vast biodiversity, warm clear waters and its accessibility from the floating guest facilities called ’live aboards’, the reef is a very popular destination for tourists, especially scuba divers. Many cities along the Queensland coast offer daily boat trips to the reef. Several continental and coral cay islands have been turned into resorts, including the pristine resort island of Lady Elliot Island.As the largest commercial activity in the region, it was estimated in 2003 that tourism in the Great Barrier Reef generates over AU$4 billion annually. Although most of these visits are managed in partnership with the marine tourism industry, there are some very popular areas near shore (such as Green Island) that have suffered damage due to overfishing and land based run off.A variety of boat tours and cruises are offered, from single day trips, to longer voyages. Boat sizes range from dinghies to superyachts. Glass-bottomed boats and underwater observatories are also popular, as are helicopter flights. By far, the most popular tourist activities on the Great Barrier Reef are snorkelling and diving, for which pontoons are often used, and the area is often enclosed by nets. The outer part of the Great Barrier Reef is favoured for such activities, due to water quality.Management of tourism in the Great Barrier Reef is geared towards making tourism ecologically sustainable. A daily fee is levied that goes towards research of the Great Barrier Reef.FishingThe fishing industry in the Great Barrier Reef, controlled by the Queensland Government, is worth AU$1 billion annually. Wonky holes in the reef provide particularly productive fishing areas.
greatbarrierreef怎么读
英文原文：great barrier reef英式音标： 美式音标：
澳大利亚的大堡礁——Great Barrier Reef
澳大利亚的大堡礁——Great Barrier Reef 世界上有一个最大最长的珊瑚礁群，它就是有名的大堡礁——Great Barrier Reef。它纵贯蜿蜒于澳洲的东海岸，全长2011公里，最宽处161公里。南端最远离海 岸241公里，北端离海岸仅16公里。在落潮时，部分的珊瑚礁露出水面形成珊瑚岛。
greatbarrierreef是什么意思
Great Barrier Reef一般指大堡礁（位于澳大利亚东岸的堡礁）大堡礁（英文：The Great Barrier Reef），是世界最大最长的珊瑚礁群，位于南半球，它纵贯于澳洲的东北沿海，北从托雷斯海峡，南到南回归线以南，绵延伸展共有2011公里，最宽处161公里。有2900个大小珊瑚礁岛，自然景观非常特殊。大堡礁的南端离海岸最远有241公里，北端较靠近，最近处离海岸仅16公里。在落潮时，部分的珊瑚礁露出水面形成珊瑚岛。在礁群与海岸之间是一条极方便的交通海路。风平浪静时，游船在此间通过，船下连绵不断的多彩、多形的珊瑚景色，就成为吸引世界各地游客来猎奇观赏的最佳海底奇观。1981年列入世界自然遗产名录。
大堡礁用英语怎么说
the Great Barrier Reef. 新标准初三英语教材二模块
the great barrier reef什么意思
the great barrier reef大堡礁：网络释义1. 大堡礁例句:1.A un team has arrived in australia to investigate possible damage to the great barrier reefby the mining industry. 联合国派出的小组已经到达澳大利亚，他们将针对采矿业对大堡礁可能产生的危害进行研究。.-----------------------------------如有疑问欢迎追问！满意请点击右上方【选为满意回答】按钮
Great Barrier Reef 的资料有哪些
http://pub3.shtu.edu.cn/azure/aodaliya.htm