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内容导航：1、一张图攻克定语从句最大难点—关系词的选择：关系代词、关系副词2、关系副词有哪些1、一张图攻克定语从句最大难点—关系词的选择：关系代词、关系副词
1译。
前文讲过，定语从句又叫形容词性从句，一定能译为“……的”。
The man whom you want to see is reading under the tree.
你想见的那个人正在树下读书。
I have a clever deskmate，who works hard.
我有一个学习用功的聪明同桌。
2种后置定语。
如果是非谓语动词短语作后置定语，则判断主被动关系（后文会有详细讲解）
如果是定语从句，才分析这个从句缺什么成分。
3种成分。
定语从句所缺的成分，主要有以下三种，
1)缺主语宾语，要补上关系代词，再看先行词，因为关系代词是代替先行词在从句中作主语宾语的。
a. This is the museum _______ was built in 1950.
这是1950年被建造的那家博物馆。主句为这是博物馆。1950年被建造的为从句。……被建造缺主语，用关系代词，代指museum(物)，用which或that。
b. I remember the days ________ I spent with my grandpa.（缺宾语用which或that）
c. Do you know the reason ________ he explained to his teacher?（缺宾语用which或that）
2)缺状语，要补上关系副词，再看先行词，因为关系副词是代词先行词在从句中作状语的。
a. This is the museum _______ my mother worked 10 years ago.
这是我母亲十年前工作的那家博物馆。主句为这是博物馆。我母亲十年前工作 的为从句。My mother worked.是主谓结构的句子，不缺主宾，缺地点状语，所以用关系副词where（=in which）。
b. I remember the days ________ I lived in my home town.（缺时间状语用when=during which）
c.Do you know the reason________ he was late?（缺原因状语用why=for which）
3)缺定语。觉得不好理解的可以这么判断，如果先行词和关系词之后的第一个词是名词，并且两个名词之间是所属关系，就一定用whose。
whose+n=the+n.+of which/whom= of which/whom+the+n.
Are there organizations in China whose aim is to protect the environment?（组织和目标是所属关系）
Do you know the girl whose hair is red?（女孩和头发是所属关系）
注意：为什么关系副词=相应介词+关系代词？
按照四个步骤合并下列两个简单句：a. This is the house. b. I was born here.
1）主从。根据句意和逻辑关系，a句是主句，b句是从句。
2）指代。here 指代the house. This is the house. I was born here.
3）替换。用关系副词where替换here。This is the house. I was born here.
4) 移位。把where移到从句句首。This is the house where I was born.
从以上转换可以看出：关系副词where替换了地点副词here，既在定语从句中作地点状语，又连接定语从句。
如果把b句中的地点副词here换成表地点的介词短语in the house。按照以上四步合并如下，
This is the house in which I was born.
与前句This is the house where I was born.对比我们可以得出结论：关系副词=相应介词+which
2、关系副词有哪些
关系副词(when、where、why)引导的定语从句,它们后面的句子主干完整，只缺状语，它们都可以等于介词+ which。也就是说关系副词和关系代词可以相互转化，二者的选择主要看该关系词在从句要充当的句法成分。When 指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
1、其先行词是表时间的名词(如:time, day, week, month, etc.)。
2、但并非先行词为"时间名词",就用when引导。
3、当关系词充当定语从句的状语时,用when;当关系词充当主语或者宾语时用which或that 引导。
4、I still remember the day when my brother joined the army.(作状语，when可以转化为on which)I still remember the days which/that we spent together. (作spent的宾语)Where 指地点在定语从句中作地点状语。
5、其先行词是表示地点的名词(如:place, school, room, etc.)。
6、同理，先行词是"地点名词"时,定语从句可用where引导,还可用which/that引导，取决于该引导词在从句中的成分。
7、This is the factory where he worked last year. (作状语, where可以转化为in which)This is the park which/that they visited last year. (作visited的宾语)Why 指原因在定语从句中作原因状语, 先行词通常为reason。
8、同理，先行词为表原因的名词时,还要根据引导词在从句中成分决定用why还是which/that。
9、The reason why he didn't come to school was that he was ill(作状语).I don't believe the reason (that/which) he gave me. (作give的宾语)He asked me the reason that can explain my success. (作explain的主语)扩展资料关系副词when,where和why可以用介词+which的形式替换。
10、when=介词+whichI will never forget the day_____ we met for the first time. 解析：先行词是the day，后面的从句恢复到完整句为：we met for the first time on the day.因此，on the day作状语用关系副词when代替，如果用介词+which，就改成on which。
11、答案为when或on which。
12、where =介词+whichThis is the farm______ we worked when we were young.解析：先行词是the farm，后面的从句恢复到完整句为：we worked on the farm when we were young. 因此，on the farm可以用关系副词where代替，如果用介词，就改成on which。
13、why= for whichI don't know the reason ______he did it.解析：先行词是the reason，后面的从句恢复到完整句为：he did it for the reason. 因此，for the reason可以用关系副词why代替，如果用介词，就改成for which。
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