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内容导航:1、英语中什么叫同位语?如何用,这一篇知识归纳轻松学2、同位语从句经典例句1、英语中什么叫同位语?如何用,这一篇知识归纳轻松学
一、什么叫同位语
当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,若其中一个句子成分是用于说明或解释另一个句子成分的,那么用于起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位语。
如:
Laura Myers, a BBC reporter, asked for an interview.
劳拉·迈尔,BBC的记者,要求采访。
Influenza, a common disease, has no cure.
流行性感冒是一种常见病,无特效药。
Mary, one of the most intelligent girls I know, is planning to attend the university.
玛丽是我所认识的最聪敏的姑娘之一,她正准备上大学。
Who is that man, the first in the front row?
前排第一个人是谁?
We have two children, a boy and a girl.
我们有两个孩子,一个男孩和一个女孩。
以上所举的同位语例子都是同位语的基本形式,一般不会出错。但有有几种同位语,或由于身本结构特殊,或由于它修饰的成分结构比较特殊,往往会引起误解。现小结并举例说明如下,希望引起同学们的注意。
二、特殊同位语归纳
1. 代词we, us, you等后接同位语
如:
Are you two reading?
你们二人在看书吗?
They three joined the school team.
他们3人参加了校队。
She has great concern for us students.
她对我们学生很关心。
He asked you boys to be quiet.
他要你们男孩子安静些。
We girls often go to the movies together.
我们女孩子经常一起去看电影。
2. 不定式用作同位语
Soon came the order to start the general attack.
很快下达了发起总攻的命令。
(to start the general attack与the order同位)
He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up.
他照吩咐沿某一条街走,我在那里接他上了车。
(to walk along…与the instruction同位)
3. -ing分词用作同位语
He’s getting a job tonight driving a truck.
他今晚得到一个开卡车的差事。
(driving a track与a job同位)
She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts.
她在一家洗衣店得到一个熨衣服的职位。
(ironing shirts与a place同位)
The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down.
第一个计划是夜袭,被拒绝了。
(attacking at night与the first plan同位)
4. 形容词用作同位语
如:
The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
目前的交易会,是有史以来规模最大的,正在广州举行。
He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign.
他读了很多书,古今中外都有。
People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the parade.
老老少少的人都来到街头观看游行。
【注】这类同位语与定语比较接近,可转换成定语从句。
如:
The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
=The current affair, which is the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
5. none of us之类的结构用作同位语
如:
We none of us said anything.
我们谁也没说话。
We have none of us large appetites.
我们谁饭量都不大。
They neither of them wanted to go.
他们两人都不想去。
They’ve neither of them succeeded in winning her confidence.
他们两人谁也没能赢得她的信任。
【注】注意,同位语并不影响其后句子谓语的“数”。
如:
学生每人都有一本词典。
正:The students each have a dictionary.
误:The students each has a dictionary.
请比较下面一句(谓语用了单数,因为each为句子主语):
正:Each of the students has a dictionary.
6. 从句用作同位语(即同位语从句)
如:
They were worried over the fact that you were sick.
他们为你生病发愁。
I received a message that she would be late.
我得到的信息说她可能晚到。
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.
明天放假的消息不实。
The idea that you can do this work without thinking is wrong.
你可以不动脑筋做此工作的想法是错误的。
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2、同位语从句经典例句
同位语从句经典例句有:1、I have no idea why he resigned.
翻译:我不明白他为何辞职。
2、You have no idea how worried I was.
翻译:你不明白我当时有多担忧。
3、I have no idea when he will be back.
翻译:我不明白他什么时候会回来。
4、We heard the news that our team had won.
翻译:我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
5、I have no idea what has happened to him.
翻译:我不明白他发生了什么事。
6、There was no doubt that he is honest man.
翻译:毫无疑问他是诚实的人。
7、Answer my question whether you are coming.
翻译:你回答我的问题:你来不来等。
8、They were worried over the fact that you were sick.
翻译:他们为你生病发愁。
9、She hasn't made the decision whether she should give up.
翻译:她还没决定她是否应当放下。
10、We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.
翻译:我们不是在调查他是否能够信任的问题。
一、同位语从句的定义:
同位语从句就是在复合句主句中名词性成分之后与该名词性成分并列,补充说明该名词性成分的有关情况的名词性从句。同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明,被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。
同位语从句的先行词通常为answer、hope、fact、truth、belief、news、idea、promise、information、conclusion、order、suggestion、problem、question、thought、report、belief、decision、doubt、opinion、theory等抽象名词。
二、同位语从句的引导词:
引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that、whether,连接代词和连接副词。
1、由that引导:
①在某些名词(如demand、wish、suggestion、resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。
例句:They expressed the wish that she accept the award.
翻译:他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。
②引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也可以省去。
例句:He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.
翻译:他拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
2、由whether引导:
whether可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。
例句:We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.
翻译:我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。
3、由连接代词引导:
例句:Have you any idea what time it starts?
翻译:你知道什么时候开始吗?
4、由连接副词引导:
例句:I have no idea when he will come back.
翻译:我不知道他什么时候回来。
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